Saxe GA, Hébert JR, Carmody JF, Kabat-Zinn J, Rosenzweig PH, Jarzobski D, et al. Can diet combined with stress reduction affect the rate of increase in prostate-specific antigen after biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer? J. Urol. 2001;166:2202â7. Gonciulea AR, Sellmeyer DE. The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial. J. Clin Lipidol 2017;11:46â54 Several well-known authorities in the field of nutrition use the term “plant-based diet” synonymous with the term “vegan diet” – which automatically implies that a plant-based diet is characterized by the avoidance of all meat foods and ingredients of animal origin [15, 16]. In contrast, other sources explicitly point out that a plant-based diet does not mean being “vegetarian” [17] or vegan [18]. Preliminary studies suggest that a plant-based diet may improve the gut microbiome.

[38] [39] There are many other plant-based diets that individuals can choose from. Plant-based diet plans can work for anyone, and individuals have a choice of what they want to include or exclude. Will Storz MA The plant-based movement redefine doctors` understanding of chronic diseases? N. Bioeth. 2020;26:141â57 Livingstone K Why you should eat a plant-based diet, but that doesn`t mean being vegetarian. Conversation. Retrieved 19 February 2021, theconversation.com/why-Sie-sollten-eine-pflanzliche-Diät-essen-aber-das-bedeutet-nicht-sein-ein-Vegetarier-78470. Table 1 shows the bullet points of dietary interventions.

Five studies used the term “plant-based diet” interchangeably with the term “vegan diet” [21,22,23,24,25]. Fifty percent (nâ = â22/44) of the included studies completely banned animal products. More than 1/3 of the studies (nâ=â17/44) included animal products as part of the plant-based diet. Sometimes the nutritional description was inconclusive and it was not clear exactly to what extent animal products were allowed [26,27,28,29]. Merrill RM, Aldana SG. Consequences of a plant-based diet with low milk consumption on the absorption of nutrients relevant to the bones. J Women`s health. 2009;18:691â8 Eating plant-based foods is the best way to reduce our impact on the environment as individuals. Plant-based foods are a tool that will help us reverse climate change. Therefore, it is imperative that we are all aware of what exactly this means, especially when “plant-based” is used to market specifically to individuals who want to reduce their impact on our planet.

However, inconsistent use of the term “plant-based diet” can lead to confusion and ambiguity among researchers, clinicians, and the public. The question arises as to whether a plant-based diet should by definition contain products of animal origin or not. What does the term herbal nutrition actually refer to and how can doctors advocate something that is not clearly defined? There is now a general consensus that diets combine environmental and human health [38]. The global transition to a diet rich in animal products, ultra-processed foods and refined sugar is taking a heavy toll on planetary and human health [39, 40]. Diets high in saturated fats and meat products have often been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes [5, 41]. In addition, they were associated with excessive land use, depletion of natural resources and loss of biodiversity [40, 42]. Promoting animal-free food rich in land-friendly foods (such as vegetables) is therefore essential to promote environmental protection and human health [43, 44]. Vegetarian diets come in many shapes and sizes, and you need to choose the version that suits you best. Saxe GA, Major JM, Nguyen JY, Freeman KM, Downs TM, Salem CE. Possible weakening of the course of the disease in recurrent prostate cancer with a plant-based diet and stress reduction. Integrate cancer ther.

2006;5:206â13 Corrin T, Papadopoulos A. Understanding attitudes and perceptions of vegetarian and plant-based diets to shape future health promotion programs. Appetite. 2017;109:40 am Joshi S, McMacken M, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Plant-based diets for kidney disease: A guide for clinicians. At J Kidney Dis. 2021;77:287â96. Pescatarian diets are also mainly vegetarian, but include crustaceans and fish.

GraÇa J, Calheiros MM, Oliveira A. Related to meat? (One) Willingness and intentions to eat more plant-based. Appetite. 2015;95:113â25 Plant-based nutrition can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of land, water and fertilizer used for agriculture. [58] As a significant percentage of the world`s crops are used to feed livestock rather than humans, eating fewer animal products helps limit climate change and biodiversity loss. [59] Beef, lamb and cheese in particular have a very high CO₂ footprint. [60] [61] Although soybean cultivation is a “major driver of deforestation in the Amazon basin”[62], the vast majority of soybean plants are used for livestock consumption rather than human consumption. [63] The introduction of a plant-based diet could also reduce the number of animals raised and killed on factory farms for food. [64] It is important for us to keep in mind that the exclusion of animal products per se does not necessarily equate to a healthy diet. Bad choices, with a significant intake of foods high in saturated fats, salt and free sugars (for example, salty snacks, fried foods, cakes, cookies, confectionery and sweet spreads) can be made in any diet. In addition, very restrictive plant-based diets may lack balance and variety. Plant-based diets provide all the proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals needed for optimal health, and are often higher in fiber and phytonutrients.

However, some vegans may need to add a supplement (especially vitamin B12) to make sure they`re getting all the nutrients they need. Valdez ES, Pottinger H, Urbon-Bonine A, Duncan B. Feasibility of including students in a 10-day plant-based diet. Educ Health J. 2018; 77: 952 to 63. Those who eat a plant-based diet reduce their risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity and other health problems. Research also shows that a plant-based diet can be less expensive than an omnivorous diet. From right to left: vegan diet (excluding all meat foods and animal products), lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (except meat, fish or poultry, but including eggs and dairy products), pesco-vegetarian diet (excluding meat or poultry, but including fish) and omnivorous diet (with all food groups) [56]. Modified by Medawar et al. [4].

The research revealed a total of 44 intervention studies investigating the effects of a plant-based diet (Table 1). We identified 37 clinical trials and 7 case reports. Table 1 provides an overview of the study characteristics (in reverse chronological order) and shows how the term “plant-based diet” was used in the respective studies. Plant-based diets result in weight loss, even without exercise or calorie counting. Replacing high-fat foods with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes naturally reduces calorie intake. The effect of plant-based diets on bone health is inconclusive. Preliminary research suggests that eating a plant-based diet may be associated with lower bone density, a risk factor for fractures. [47] [48] [49] Some protein sources, such as nuts and seeds, are high in calories, meaning they provide a high number of calories in small portions due to their higher fat content. It`s important to keep an eye on calories for weight management. To make meal planning easier, the table above includes the amount of protein in certain plant foods. Observational studies show that vegetarian diets have a lower energy intake than non-vegetarian diets [21] and that vegetarians have a lower body mass index than non-vegetarians. [22] Szabó Z, Erdã lyi A, Gubicskónà Kisbenedek A, Ungÿr T, Lászlà © ³ nà Polyã¡ké, Szekeresné, © et al.

[Plant-based diets: a review]. Orv Hetil 2016;157:1859â65 The table below compares the American-style healthy eating model with the healthy vegetarian diet model. The recommended daily servings of each food group are based on a 2,000-calorie diet. For more details on other calorie levels, see MyPlate Plan. The concept of “plant-based diet” varies considerably in its definition and evokes different ideas among researchers and clinicians. Many researchers use this term as a synonym for a vegan diet, as 50% of the included studies completely excluded animal products. In contrast, a remarkable number of studies included dairy products or focused on a semi-vegetarian diet. We argue that this inconsistent use of the term “plant-based diet” can lead to significant confusion and make it difficult to compare studies. That is why we are calling for a rapid definition of consensus.

In the meantime, we recommend using the term “plant-based diet” only in conjunction with a detailed description of nutrition. Our provided checklist can help researchers and clinicians in this process. The literature review also revealed a case report of Massera et al., who reported a whole-plant-based diet to reverse angina pectoris without medication or interventional procedures [27]. The food intervention consisted mainly of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, potatoes, beans, legumes and nuts. Again, it was not entirely clear whether small quantities of animal products were allowed or banned. However, based on the reference list of studies and other studies in this particular group [30], it can be assumed that the dietary intervention was technically vegan.